醫學審核日期: 2025年2月24日。
免責聲明：本文僅提供一般資訊，僅供教育用途。內容不構成醫學建議，亦不建立醫患關係，也不推薦特定的治療、產品、服務或醫療提供者。如有個人健康問題，請諮詢註冊的醫療執業者。
眼整形外科：眼周結構的照護
眼整形外科是眼科的一個分支，專注於診斷與治療影響眼瞼、淚道、眼眶及周邊臉部結構的疾病。[1] [2] [3] 相關手術同時涉及功能性與美觀性問題，旨在恢復或提升眼周健康與外觀。
常見的眼整形外科手術
眼整形外科包含多種醫療與重建性治療。[1] 常見手術包括：
- 眼瞼手術（去皮/提瞼術）：矯正上瞼下垂或去除可能影響視力的多餘皮膚。[4]
- 淚道手術：治療淚道阻塞，以改善淚液排出並減少感染。[5]
- 眼瞼位置矯正：矯正如倒睫（眼瞼向內翻轉）或外翻（眼瞼向外翻轉）等狀況。[6] [7]
- 重建手術：修復因外傷、疾病或其他原因造成的損傷。
- 眶部手術：治療眼眶相關疾病，如外傷、腫瘤或甲狀腺眼病。[8]
眼整形外科可治療的疾病
眼整形外科可用於治療多種疾病，包括：
- 上瞼下垂（上眼皮下垂） [9]
- 眼瞼皮膚鬆弛 [10]
- 眼瞼腫塊或腫瘤 [11] [12]
- 鼻淚管阻塞 [13]
- 甲狀腺相關眼病 [14]
- 影響眼瞼功能的顏面神經麻痺 [15]
眼整形外科的益處與風險
風險與益處取決於具體病情。眼整形外科涵蓋範圍廣泛的手術，有時也可考慮非手術干預或持續觀察。
潛在益處：
- 當眼瞼異常阻礙視力時，可改善視覺 [16]
- 緩解由淚道或眼瞼問題引起的不適 [17]
風險：
與任何外科手術一樣，眼整形外科可能存在風險。[10] [18] 可能包括：
- 手術部位腫脹或瘀青
- 短暫的眼睛乾澀或刺激感
- 罕見併發症，如感染、疤痕或視力改變
建議患者與醫師討論這些風險，以便作出知情決策。
何時考慮眼整形外科
當醫療狀況影響眼瞼或淚道功能，或在外傷、疾病後需要重建時，可以考慮眼整形外科。對於希望改善因老化或其他因素導致眼周外觀的人群，這同樣是一個選擇。
結論
眼整形外科涵蓋眼周精細結構的功能性與重建性治療。若出現如視力受阻、長期流淚或不適等症狀，應諮詢合格的醫療執業者，以評估是否適合該治療。
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參考文獻
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[3] “Oculoplastic Surgeons,” British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, [Online]. Available: https://www.bopss.co.uk/public-information/oculoplastic-surgeons/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
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[5] “What Is a Blocked Tear Duct?,” American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1 Mar 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-blocked-tear-duct. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[6] “Eyelid – Ectropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-ectropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[7] “Eyelid – Entropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-entropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[8] “What Is an Orbital Fracture?,” 28 Sep 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-orbital-fracture. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[9] Allen RC, Saylor MA, Nerad JA. The current state of ptosis repair: a comparison of internal and external approaches. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011 Sep;22(5):394-9. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21730839/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
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[14] Moledina M, Damato EM, Lee V. The changing landscape of thyroid eye disease: current clinical advances and future outlook. Eye (Lond). 2024 Jun;38(8):1425-1437. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38374366/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[15] Kinney SE, Seeley BM, Seeley MZ, Foster JA. Oculoplastic surgical techniques for protection of the eye in facial nerve paralysis. Am J Otol. 2000 Mar;21(2):275-83. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10733197/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[16] Battu VK, Meyer DR, Wobig JL. Improvement in subjective visual function and quality of life outcome measures after blepharoptosis surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Jun;121(6):677-86. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8644811/.
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