医学审核日期：2025年2月24日
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眼整形手术：眼部周围结构的治疗
眼整形手术是眼科学的一个分支，专注于诊断和治疗影响眼睑、泪管、眼眶及周围面部结构的病症。[1][2][3]这些手术既解决功能性问题也改善外观问题，旨在恢复或提升眼周区域的健康与美观。
常见眼整形手术
眼整形手术包含多种治疗性和修复性手术。[1]常见手术包括：
- 眼睑手术（眼睑成形术）：矫正下垂眼睑或去除可能影响视力的多余皮肤。[4]
- 泪管手术：治疗阻塞的泪管以改善泪液引流并减少感染。[5]
- 眼睑位置异常治疗：矫正睑内翻（眼睑向内翻转）或睑外翻（眼睑向外翻转）。[6][7]
- 重建手术：修复由损伤、疾病或其他原因造成的创伤。
- 眼眶手术：治疗影响眼眶的病症，如外伤、肿瘤或甲状腺眼病。[8]
眼整形手术治疗的症状
眼整形手术可帮助治疗多种医学病症，包括：
- 上睑下垂（上眼睑下垂）[9]
- 皮肤松弛症（眼睑皮肤过多）[10]
- 眼睑肿块、隆起和肿瘤[11][12]
- 鼻泪管阻塞（泪管阻塞）[13]
- 甲状腺眼病[14]
- 影响眼睑功能的面神经麻痹[15]
眼整形手术的益处与风险
风险与益处取决于病症的具体性质。眼整形手术涵盖多种手术方式。替代方案可能包括非手术干预或持续观察。
潜在益处：
- 当眼睑异常阻碍视力时改善视力[16]
- 缓解由泪管或眼睑问题引起的不适[17]
风险：
与任何外科手术一样，眼整形手术存在潜在风险。[10][18]这些可能包括：
- 手术部位肿胀或淤血
- 眼睛暂时性干燥或刺激
- 罕见并发症如感染、疤痕或视力变化
建议患者与医生讨论这些风险，以便对治疗方案做出知情决定。
何时考虑眼整形手术
当医学病症影响眼睑或泪管功能时，或在外伤或疾病后需要重建时，可考虑眼整形手术。对于因衰老或其他因素希望改善眼周外观的个人，这也是一个选择。
结论
眼整形手术解决与眼部周围精细结构相关的一系列功能和重建需求。出现视力障碍、长期流泪或不适等症状的患者应咨询合格的医疗专业人员，以确定此类治疗是否适合。
参考资料
[1] “Oculoplastics,” Wikipedia, 21 May 2024. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculoplastics. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[2] Hong Kong Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, [Online]. Available: https://hksoprs.com. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[3] “Oculoplastic Surgeons,” British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, [Online]. Available: https://www.bopss.co.uk/public-information/oculoplastic-surgeons/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[4] “Eyelid Surgery,” 11 Sep 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/eyelid-surgery. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[5] “What Is a Blocked Tear Duct?,” American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1 Mar 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-blocked-tear-duct. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[6] “Eyelid – Ectropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-ectropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[7] “Eyelid – Entropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-entropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[8] “What Is an Orbital Fracture?,” 28 Sep 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-orbital-fracture. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[9] Allen RC, Saylor MA, Nerad JA. The current state of ptosis repair: a comparison of internal and external approaches. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011 Sep;22(5):394-9. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21730839/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[10] Mehta S, Belliveau MJ, Oestreicher JH. Oculoplastic surgery. Clin Plast Surg. 2013 Oct;40(4):631-51. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24093658/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[11] Zgolli H, Choura R, Elzarrug HKH, Abdelhedi C, Chebbi A. Management of eyelids’ primary malignancies. Libyan J Med. 2023 Dec;18(1):2258668. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37731362/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[12] “Bump or Lump on Eyelid,” 17 May 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms/eyelid-lump. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[13] Jawaheer L, MacEwen CJ, Anijeet D. Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 24;2(2):CD007097. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28231605/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[14] Moledina M, Damato EM, Lee V. The changing landscape of thyroid eye disease: current clinical advances and future outlook. Eye (Lond). 2024 Jun;38(8):1425-1437. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38374366/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[15] Kinney SE, Seeley BM, Seeley MZ, Foster JA. Oculoplastic surgical techniques for protection of the eye in facial nerve paralysis. Am J Otol. 2000 Mar;21(2):275-83. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10733197/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[16] Battu VK, Meyer DR, Wobig JL. Improvement in subjective visual function and quality of life outcome measures after blepharoptosis surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Jun;121(6):677-86. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8644811/.
[17] Jutley G, Karim R, Joharatnam N, Latif S, Lynch T, Olver JM. Patient satisfaction following endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a quality of life study. Eye (Lond). 2013 Sep;27(9):1084-9. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23846378/.
[18] Alharbi MM, Bin Dlaim MS, Alqahtani JM, Alkhudhairy NS, Almasoudi SM, Alajmi NT. Ophthalmic Complications of Periorbital and Facial Aesthetic Procedures: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2023 Jul 1;15(7):e41246. Available: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10388289/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
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