医学审核日期：2025年2月24日。
免责声明：本文仅提供一般教育用途的信息，不构成医疗建议，不建立医患关系，也不推荐具体治疗、产品、服务或医疗提供者。如有个人健康问题，请咨询注册医生。
眼整形外科：眼周结构的护理
眼整形外科是眼科学的一个分支，主要专注于诊断和治疗影响眼睑、泪道、眼眶及周围面部结构的疾病。[1] [2] [3] 这些手术既可解决功能问题，也可满足美观需求，旨在恢复或改善眼部区域的健康与外观。
常见的眼整形外科手术
眼整形外科包含多种医疗和重建性治疗。[1] 常见手术包括：
- 眼睑手术（上睑成形术）：矫正眼睑下垂或去除可能影响视力的多余皮肤。[4]
- 泪道手术：治疗泪道阻塞，以改善泪液引流并减少感染。[5]
- 眼睑位置矫正：矫正如倒睫（眼睑向内翻转）或外翻（眼睑向外翻转）等情况。[6] [7]
- 重建手术：修复由外伤、疾病或其他原因造成的损伤。
- 眼眶手术：治疗影响眼眶的病症，如外伤、肿瘤或甲状腺相关眼病。[8]
眼整形外科可治疗的疾病
眼整形外科可帮助处理多种医学问题，包括：
- 上睑下垂 [9]
- 眼睑皮肤松弛 [10]
- 眼睑肿块、囊肿和肿瘤 [11] [12]
- 鼻泪管阻塞 [13]
- 甲状腺相关眼病 [14]
- 面神经麻痹导致的眼睑功能障碍 [15]
眼整形外科的益处与风险
风险与益处取决于具体病情。眼整形外科涵盖范围广泛，替代方案还可能包括非手术治疗或持续观察。
潜在益处：
- 改善因眼睑异常遮挡而受损的视力 [16]
- 减轻泪道或眼睑问题引起的不适 [17]
风险：
与所有外科手术一样，眼整形外科也存在潜在风险。[10] [18] 这些风险包括：
- 手术部位肿胀或瘀斑
- 眼睛暂时性干涩或刺激感
- 罕见并发症，如感染、瘢痕或视力改变
建议患者与医生讨论这些风险，以便做出知情决策。
何时考虑眼整形外科
当眼睑或泪道功能受影响，或因外伤、疾病需要重建时，可以考虑眼整形外科。此外，若因衰老或其他因素希望改善眼周外观，也可作为选择。
结论
眼整形外科可应对涉及眼周精细结构的功能性和重建性需求。若出现如视力受阻、长期流泪或不适等症状，应咨询合格医生以判断是否适合该治疗方式。
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参考文献
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[6] “Eyelid – Ectropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-ectropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[7] “Eyelid – Entropion,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.esoprs.eu/for-patients/information/eyelid-entropion/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[8] “What Is an Orbital Fracture?,” 28 Sep 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-orbital-fracture. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
[9] Allen RC, Saylor MA, Nerad JA. The current state of ptosis repair: a comparison of internal and external approaches. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011 Sep;22(5):394-9. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21730839/. [Accessed 24 Feb 2025].
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[16] Battu VK, Meyer DR, Wobig JL. Improvement in subjective visual function and quality of life outcome measures after blepharoptosis surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Jun;121(6):677-86. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8644811/.
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